Lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy in gastrointestinal neoplasms

نویسنده

  • Gustavo Varela
چکیده

Objective. To discuss whether available information supports lymphatic mapping and sentinel node histology as a useful tool to grade gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. Data collection. Selective review of the literature. (Thirty-five references) Data sellection. The most relevant paper dealing with lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy were selected. Setting: Third healt care level hospital Results. The use of lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy has been validated in melanoma and breast cancer. Recently, this staging scheme has been implemented for other solid tumors including neoplasms of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Lymph node mapping has two salutary advantages: reduction of morbidity associated with the use of conventional staging lymphadenectomy, while staging accuracy remains unaffected. Early experience with lymphatic mapping for neoplasms of the GI tract, following the introduction of the sentinel lymph node concept, indicates that this approach is feasible and, like in breast cancer and melanoma, can also identify micrometastatic malignancies of the GI tract. Reported series have shown identification rates ranging between 85% and 97%. These numbers are higher than the preliminary reports for melanoma and breast cancer. However, the biological implication of micrometastases remains debatable and further studies/evaluation about the role of lymph node mapping based on sentinel biopsy for GI neoplasms is required. Conclusion. Current information indicates that lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy have the potential to identify important nodes in the region of a tumor. Furthermore, the focused analysis of harvested sentinel nodes can improve tumor staging. Resumen Objetivo: Discutir si la información disponible apoya el mapeo linfático y la histología del nódulo centinela como una herramienta útil para estadificar las neoplasias malignas gastrointestinales (GI). Obtención de datos: Revisión selectiva de la literatura (35 referencias). Selección de datos: Se escogieron las publicaciones más relevantes sobre mapeo linfático y biopsia de nódulo centinela. Sede: Hospital de tercer nivel. Resultados: El uso de mapeo linfático y biopsia del nódulo centinela ha sido convalidado en el melanoma y cáncer de mama. Recientemente, se ha implementado este esquema de estadificación para otros tumores sólidos, incluyendo neoplasias del tracto gastrointestinal. El mapeo del nódulo linfático tiene dos ventajas: reducción de la morbilidad asociada al uso de la estadificación convencional mediante linfadenectomía sin afectar la exactitud. La experiencia inicial con el mapeo linfático para las neoplasias del tracto GI, después de la introducción del concepto de nódulo linfático centinela, indica que este enfoque es posible y, tal como en el cáncer de mama y el melanoma, puede también identificar malignidades micrometastásicas del tracto GI. Las series publicadas han mostrado tasas de identificación entre 85 y 97%. Estas cifras son más elevadas que los informes preliminares para melanoma y cáncer de mama. Sin embargo, la implicación biológica de las micrometástasis se sigue debatiendo y se requieren más estudios y/o evaluaciones sobre el papel que desempeña el mapeo de nódulo linfático basado en biopsia del nódulo centinela para las neoplasias malignas del tracto GI. Conclusión: La información actual indica que el mapeo linfático y la biopsia del nódulo centinela tienen el potencial para identificar nódulos importantes en la región del tumor. Además, el análisis centrado en los nódulos centinelas cosechados puede mejorar la estadificación del tumor.

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تاریخ انتشار 2004